The name was chosen because XMM is primarily a spectroscopy mission, even if it works at X-ray wavelengths rather than visible light. The X-ray space telescope, launched on 10 December 1999, is known as XMM-Newton. (Image credit: Library of Congress) Isaac Netwon is synonymous with apples and gravity. His mother had become a widow two months before Isaac was born. But Isaac’s first few years were a struggle. Gradually, however, he gained strength to survive. On that cold winter night, the sick, premature baby seemed unlikely to live. He died in 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, the first scientist to be honoured in this way.ĮSA honoured him by adding his name to its XMM mission. Isaac Newton laid the blueprints for his three laws of motion, still recited by physics students, in 1666. Isaac Newton was born at Woolthorpe, Lincolnshire, England on Christmas Day 1642. By applying a rigorous approach to his investigations, Newton gave science a unified system of laws that could be applied to a wide range of physical phenomena. He thought that the planets would gradually pull each other from their orbits and that God would have to intervene to re-order them.īefore Newton, the nascent investigation of nature that we now call science was a mixture of isolated facts and laws, capable of describing and predicting some phenomena. Newton admitted to being unable to calculate the orbits of the planets in the Solar System other than in a general way, though his results were better than his predecessors. However, this new knowledge brought difficulties since if each object affected every other, the resulting calculations of their motion were extremely complex. The year also witnessed both the death of Galileo in Italy and the birth of Isaac Newton in England. It was the reason why planets move in orbits and why objects fall to the Earth. With this, Newton proposed that all objects in the Universe pulled on each other through gravity.
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